RMD & Stretch IRA Calculator
The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) requires you to take Required Minimum Distribution (RMD) withdrawals from your retirement account(s) annually beginning the year you reach the RMD-eligible age. RMD-eligible age is:
• Age 73 if you were born January 1, 1951, or later.*
• Age 72 if you were born after June 30, 1949, and before January 1, 1951.**
• Age 70 ½ if you were born before July 1, 1949.
Use this calculator to help determine how you can stretch out your payments for as long as possible.
* The RMD-eligible age will increase to age 75 after December 31, 2032.
** For individuals turning age 72 in 2023, no RMD payment is required in 2023.
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Plan Information: |
Owner's birthdate
The account owner's birthdate. The tool uses this to calculate the account owner's age as well as when minimum distributions are required to take place.
Owner's assumed age at death
This is the age at which you believe the owner of the account will die. Since the IRS uses the age of the account owner as of December 31st of any given year, this is actually the age of the account owner as of December 31st of the year they died.
Previous year end value
This is the fair market value of your account as of the close of business on December 31st of the prior year. For IRAs, no adjustments are made for contributions or distributions after that date. If you made a transfer or rollover from one account on or before December 31st of the prior year and the funds were received by a new account in the next year, you will need to increase your December 31st fair market value by the amount that was transferred or rolled over and not included in the December 31 value of either account. This amount may also include the actuarial present value of any additional benefits not reflected in your year-end balance.
Hypothetical rate of return
This is the expected rate of return on your account. This is only used to help project your future account balances (which of course will impact your required minimum distribution). The actual rate of return is largely dependent on the types of investments you select. The Standard & Poor's 500® (S&P 500®) for the 10 years ending December 31st 2021, had an annual compounded rate of return of 13.6%, including reinvestment of dividends. From January 1, 1970 to December 31st 2021, the average annual compounded rate of return for the S&P 500®, including reinvestment of dividends, was approximately 11.3% (source: www.standardandpoors.com). Since 1970, the highest 12-month return was 61% (June 1982 through June 1983). The lowest 12-month return was -43% (March 2008 to March 2009).
It is important to remember that these scenarios are hypothetical and that future rates of return can't be predicted with certainty and that investments that pay higher rates of return are generally subject to higher risk and volatility. The actual rate of return on investments can vary widely over time, especially for long-term investments. This includes the potential loss of principal on your investment. It is not possible to invest directly in an index and the compounded rate of return noted above does not reflect sales charges and other fees that investment funds and/or investment companies may charge.
Beneficiary information: |
Beneficiary birthdate
This is the birthdate of the account owner's beneficiary.
Is sole beneficiary a spouse?
Check this box if your only beneficiary is your spouse. The new IRS rules use the Uniform Lifetime Table to calculate all life expectancies for determining a minimum distribution. The only exception to this rule is if the only beneficiary is a spouse and he or she is more than 10 years younger than the account owner. In this situation, the joint life expectancy table is used. The Joint Life expectancy table normally produces lower required distributions. The tool also uses this entry to determine whether to calculate for a spouse's beneficiary's life expectancy.
Beneficary's assumed age at death
This is the age at which you believe the original beneficiary of the account will die. Like the account owner's age at death, this is actually the age of the beneficiary as of December 31st of the year they died.
Spouse's beneficiary's birthdate
If the first beneficiary is a spouse of the original account owner this tool will include a spouse's beneficiary. The tool assumes that the spouse's beneficiary is not a new spouse and isn't a designated eligible beneficiary and will be using the 10-year distribution rule.
Required Minimum Distributions by Year |
Definitions
Calculation Notes
This calculator has been updated for 2024 to include 'SECURE 2.0' and IRS Notices from 2023 and 2024. SECURE 2.0 increases the age of Required Minimum Distribution (RMD) for account owners. Secure 2.0 did not change how the RMD is calculated; it only changed the age that they start. These rules took effect January 1st, 2023.
| Birthdate | Age* |
|---|---|
| Account owners born on or before 6/30/1949 | 70 1/2* |
| 7/1/1949 through 12/31/1950 | 72* |
| 1/1/1951 through 12/31/1959 | 73* |
| Account owners born on or after 1/1/1960 | 75* |
| *Age of account owner as of 12/31 of the distribution year. This RMD chart only applies to the original account owner or a spouse who chooses to treat their inherited account as their own. | |
The CARES Act of 2020 provided a temporary waiver of RMDs. The RMD waiver is for retirement plans and accounts for 2020. This includes direct contribution plans such as 401k, 403b, 457b plans and IRAs. RMDs were also waived for IRA owners who turned 70 1/2 in 2019 and were required to take an RMD by April 1, 2020.
If you have RMD questions, please consult with your own tax advisor regarding your specific situation. If you are under 75 and this RMD is from a 403(b) plan, you may not be required to take distributions on the balance in your account before 1987 until you reach age 75. You may need to contact a financial planner or CPA to determine if this exception applies to your RMD.
IMPORTANT! This calculator has been updated for the Secure 2.0 (2022), SECURE Act of 2019 and the CARES Act of 2020 and IRS Notices regarding these acts from 2023 and 2024. Future IRS published procedures may have an impact on enforcement and interpretation of these Acts.
Stretch Calculation Notes
The strategy assumes that you will take the smallest amount of money from the IRA that the law allows, and at the latest time it allows, without penalty. This is accomplished by the following rules below:
If you have your spouse as the beneficiary of the account:
- The IRA owner names his/her spouse as sole primary beneficiary of the IRA. While alive, the IRA owner begins taking RMD payments at their required age, using a factor from the IRS Lifetime Tables to calculate the distribution.
- Upon the death of the IRA owner, the surviving spouse rolls over the funds to his/her own IRA. Any RMD amount that was not taken for the year of death from the deceased spouse's IRA cannot be rolled over. The surviving spouse names a new IRA beneficiary, such as a child, and begins taking RMD at their required age based on the Uniform Lifetime Table.
- Upon the surviving spouse's death, beneficiaries will have 10 years beginning with the year after the spouse's death to withdraw all funds. There minimum distributions are only required if the spouse had already started RMDs, however, for our illustration we assume distributions happen evenly over the 10 years. We also assume that the beneficiaries are not considered "Eligible Designated Beneficiaries" which may be able to further stretch out the time-frame of distributions.
If your beneficiary is not a spouse:
- The IRA owner names a beneficiary or beneficiaries of the IRA. While alive, the IRA owner begins taking RMD payments at their required age using the Uniform Distribution Table to calculate the distribution.
- Upon the death of the IRA owner, beneficiaries will have 10 years beginning with the year after the original account owner's death to withdraw all funds. There minimum distributions are only required if the account owner had already started RMDs, however, for our illustration we assume distributions happen evenly over the 10 years. We also assume that the beneficiaries are not considered "Eligible Designated Beneficiaries" which may be able to further stretch out the time-frame of distributions.
The Stretch IRA Strategy is only for those who do not need their entire IRA to cover their living expenses. The figures created with this calculator are hypothetical and based on current and variable assumptions you selected to help illustrate a concept. Many factors could impact this hypothetical concept, such as possible changes to tax laws in the future, the impact of inflation and other risks. You should consider the effect of inflation on the assets included inside of the IRA, as inflation will erode purchasing power over time. You should remember that assets included inside of the IRA are subject to market risk, including the possible loss of principal. You should consider the fact that tax laws and IRS rules may change over time, potentially limiting the effectiveness of the Stretch IRA strategy.
Owner's birthdate
The account owner's birthdate. The tool uses this to calculate the account owner's age as well as when minimum distributions are required to take place.
Owner's assumed age at death
This is the age at which you believe the owner of the account will die. Since the IRS uses the age of the account owner as of December 31st of any given year, this is actually the age of the account owner as of December 31st of the year they died.
Previous year end value
This is the fair market value of your account as of the close of business on December 31st of the prior year. For IRAs, no adjustments are made for contributions or distributions after that date. If you made a transfer or rollover from one account on or before December 31st of the prior year and the funds were received by a new account in the next year, you will need to increase your December 31st fair market value by the amount that was transferred or rolled over and not included in the December 31 value of either account. This amount may also include the actuarial present value of any additional benefits not reflected in your year-end balance.
Hypothetical rate of return
This is the expected rate of return on your account. This is only used to help project your future account balances (which of course will impact your required minimum distribution). The actual rate of return is largely dependent on the types of investments you select. The Standard & Poor's 500® (S&P 500®) for the 10 years ending December 31st 2021, had an annual compounded rate of return of 13.6%, including reinvestment of dividends. From January 1, 1970 to December 31st 2021, the average annual compounded rate of return for the S&P 500®, including reinvestment of dividends, was approximately 11.3% (source: www.standardandpoors.com). Since 1970, the highest 12-month return was 61% (June 1982 through June 1983). The lowest 12-month return was -43% (March 2008 to March 2009).
It is important to remember that these scenarios are hypothetical and that future rates of return can't be predicted with certainty and that investments that pay higher rates of return are generally subject to higher risk and volatility. The actual rate of return on investments can vary widely over time, especially for long-term investments. This includes the potential loss of principal on your investment. It is not possible to invest directly in an index and the compounded rate of return noted above does not reflect sales charges and other fees that investment funds and/or investment companies may charge.
Plan type
Please enter the plan type. It is a factor in determining if an RMD is required for the original account owner. If you choose a ROTH IRA plan type, no RMD has ever been required. All other ROTH plan types follow the normal RMD rules through 2023. ROTH plans of all types have eliminated RMDs for years 2024 and later. Other plan types are used for descriptive purposes only and do not impact any calculations.
Beneficiary birthdate
This is the birthdate of the account owner's beneficiary.
Is sole beneficiary a spouse?
Check this box if your only beneficiary is your spouse. The new IRS rules use the Uniform Lifetime Table to calculate all life expectancies for determining a minimum distribution. The only exception to this rule is if the only beneficiary is a spouse and he or she is more than 10 years younger than the account owner. In this situation, the joint life expectancy table is used. The Joint Life expectancy table normally produces lower required distributions. The tool also uses this entry to determine whether to calculate for a spouse's beneficiary's life expectancy.
Beneficary's assumed age at death
This is the age at which you believe the original beneficiary of the account will die. Like the account owner's age at death, this is actually the age of the beneficiary as of December 31st of the year they died.
Spouse's beneficiary's birthdate
If the first beneficiary is a spouse of the original account owner this tool will include a spouse's beneficiary. The tool assumes that the spouse's beneficiary is not a new spouse and isn't a designated eligible beneficiary and will be using the 10-year distribution rule.
RO 4328507 (4/2025)